Pūnaha Whakamakuku Aunoa Katoa a te Ahuwhenua Tika, Akoranga Take Whakaritenga Pūihi: Te Whakatau i te Wero Tohu o te Pūrongo me te Whakahaere

I roto i te mara o te whakamakuku ahuwhenua aunoa katoa, ko te urupare wā-tūturu o ngā raraunga pūoko me te tuku tika o ngā whakahau whakahaere ko ngā whakaritenga matua mō te whakatutuki i te "whakamakuku i runga i te tono, te tiaki wai, me te whai huatanga teitei." I whakawhanakehia e tētahi kiritaki e tohunga ana ki ngā taputapu ahuwhenua atamai tētahi otinga whakamakuku aunoa kua whakawhanakehia e ia anō e whakauru ana i ngā pūoko makuku oneone, ngā pūoko rere, me tētahi waeine whakahaere mamao. Heoi, i roto i ngā tono whenua ahuwhenua nui (pēnei i ngā māra hua e horapa ana i ngā mano eka me ngā mara e tata ana), he maha ngā wā ka puta te momotu raraunga me te whakaroa whakahau nā te tuku tohu kore pumau, ka pā kino ki te tika o te whakamakuku me te pono o te pūnaha. Ko te mea e whai ake nei he tātaritanga o te katoa pūihi te tukanga whakaritenga mō tēnei whakaritenga.

Ⅰ. Te Pūtake Mamae Matua o te Kiritaki: Ngā Ārai Tohu e Whakararuraru ana i te Whai Huatanga o te Pūnaha Whakamakuku

 

I te tīmatanga, i whakamahia ngā pūihi ahokore whānui mō te otinga whakamakuku aunoa a te kiritaki. E toru ngā take matua i kitea i te wā whakatinanatanga, ā, i pā tika ki te whaihua o te pūnaha:

 

Te Momotu i ngā Raraunga Pūoko: I pāngia ngā pūoko makuku oneone i ngā taha o te whenua pāmu me ngā wāhi papaku (i whakatūria kia 50-100 mita te tawhiti) e te ngoikore o te tohu ahokore nā te aukati o ngā tipu me te whenua pōkarekare. I raro iho i te 70% te angitu o te tuku raraunga, ā, kāore i taea te whiwhi mōhiohio makuku oneone i te wā tūturu, ā, ka hua ake he whakatau hē mō te wā whakamakuku.

 

Te Whakaroa o te Whakahau Whakahaere me te Ngaronga o te Mōkihi: I te wā i whiwhi whakahau ai ngā waeine whakahaere mamao (pēnei i ngā pana takirere solenoid me ngā kaiwhakahaere tere papu wai), ka puta he whakaroa whakahau tae atu ki te 3 hēkona nā te pokanoa hiko hiko-teitei me ngā mīhini ahuwhenua e karapoti ana. I ngaro ētahi whakahau, ā, ka nui rawa, ka iti rānei te whakainu.

 

Ngāwari te Urutau ki te Taiao: Ko ngā pūihi whānui he IP54 anake te whakatauranga ātete wai. I te wā ua, nā te waipuke o ngā whenua ahuwhenua, me te pāngia e ngā pāmahana teitei, kotahi te pakaru o te pūihi i ia toru marama, ā, he nui ngā utu tiaki, ā, he pā ki te haere tonu o te whakamakuku. I tohua e te kiritaki ā rātou hiahia: he otinga pūihi kua whakaritea mō tētahi pūnaha whakamakuku aunoa katoa e tutuki ai te "tere angitu tuku raraunga pūoko ≥ 98%," "roa whakahau whakahaere ≤ 0.5 hēkona," me te "ātete ātete wai IP67 + -30°C ki te 70°C i te pāmahana tino nui." Me hototahi hoki te otinga ki ngā atanga pūoko me te kōwae whakahaere o nāianei (hei tauira, LoRa me te roopu auau 433MHz).

 

Ⅱ.Otinga Whakaritenga: Hoahoa Whānui mai i te "Whakatikatika i te Auautanga o te Roopu" ki te "Whakarei Taiao"

 

Hei whakatika i ngā raruraru o te kiritaki, i whakarērea e mātou te huarahi "kotahi te rahi mō te katoa" o ngā pūihi whānui. I te arotahi ki ngā whāinga matua e toru o te "pūmautanga tuku raraunga," te "ātete ki te pokanoa," me te "roaroa taiao," i hangaia e mātou he otinga huinga pūihi ritenga-rua "taha-pūoko + taha-mana".** Ko te huarahi hangarau motuhake e whai ake nei:

1.Tae-pūoko: Pūihi Aronga LoRa Mana-Iti, Whakauru-Tiketike Kua Whakaritea

 

Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tuku raraunga "tawhiti roa, iti-mana" o ngā pūoko makuku/rere oneone, i whakaritea e mātou he pūihi ahunga LoRa 433MHz:

 

Te Arotautanga o te Rōpū Auau me te Whakanui: Mā te arotahi ki te 433MHz (te rōrahi auau matua mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore whenua pāmu), i whakapiki ake mātou i te whakanui pūihi ki te 8dBi (ki te whakarite ki te 5dBi mō ngā pūihi whānui). Mā te hoahoa hihi whaiti ka whakarei ake i te urunga tohu, ka taea ai te tuku pūmau i roto i te 150 mita (e kapi ana i te tawhiti whakatakoto pūoko a te kiritaki) ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga kua āraia e ngā tuanui rākau hua me te whenua koretake.

 

Urutau Mana-Iti: Mā te whakataurite aukati pūihi kua arotauhia (50Ω Paerewa aukati) ka whakaitihia te ngaronga mana tuku o te waeine pūoko, ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko o te pūoko mai i te toru marama ki te ono marama, ka whakaitihia ngā utu tiaki e pā ana ki te whakakapinga pākahiko i te mara.

 

Hanganga me te Hoahoa Tāutanga: Ka whakamahia e te pūihi he hoahoa ā-roto me ngā hononga ā-wai. Kei roto i te tinana pūihi he whare ABS ātete-waikura, e tutuki ai te whakatauranga ā-wai IP68 (he nui ake i te whakaritenga IP67 a te kiritaki). Ka taea te tanu tika ki te mata o te oneone (1-2 mita mai i te pūoko), hei tiaki i a ia mai i ngā kino i puta mai i ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, i te wawaotanga rānei a te tangata.

2.Taha Mana: Pūihi Ārai-Waewae Whakaritea, Whānui-Ahunga-katoa

 

Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te waeine mana mamao mō te tuku whakahau wā-tūturu me te ārai-pokanoa, i whakaritea he pūihi ahunga-katoa takirua (433MHz + 2.4GHz).

Hangarau Ārai-Whakararuraru Whakauru: Ka tātarihia e ngā ara iahiko tātari maha-wāhanga kua hangaia te whakararuraru hikohiko noa i roto i te whenua pāmu (pēnei i te whakararuraru auau hiko 50Hz mai i ngā raina hiko ngaohiko teitei me te irahiko hikohiko mai i ngā miihini mīhini ahuwhenua). Kua whakaatuhia e ngā inenga mara kua heke te tere hapa o te moka whakahau i roto i ngā taiao whakararuraru mai i te 1.2% ki raro iho i te 0.05%.

 

Hototahi Roopu-Rua: Tautoko ana i te 433MHz (te roopu auau matua mō te whakahaere i ngā takirere solenoid/papu wai) me te 2.4GHz (he roopu auau tārua mō te tuku whakahau ohorere). Ina pāngia te roopu 433MHz e te pokanoa, ka huri aunoa te pūnaha ki te roopu 2.4GHz, kia kore ai e motuhia ngā whakahau whakahaere.

 

Te Pakaritanga Taiao Whakarei: Kua whakamahia te whare rauemi ātete-UV mō te huringa pāmahana teitei me te iti (-30°C ki te 70°C) ā, e whakaatu ana i te hekenga mahi hiko o te ≤5%. Ka tu atu i ngā hotoke kino o te raki o Haina me ngā raumati wera o te tonga o Haina, ka roa ake tōna ora ratonga mai i te kotahi tau ki te toru tau.

 

3. Hototahi Taumata-Pūnaha: Hototahi Atanga me te Kawa

 

Hei karo i te whakarerekē i ngā pūnaha whakamakuku o nāianei, he tino hototahi te pūihi kua whakaritea ki ngā atanga me ngā kawa:

 

Ka whakamahia e te pūihi taha-pūoko he hononga SMA-J, e hono tika ana ki te tauranga RF o te kōwae pūoko LoRa a te kiritaki;

 

Ka whakamahia e te pūihi taha-mana he hononga momo-N, e urutau ana ki te tauranga tohu o te kaihautū mana mamao.

 

Kāore e hiahiatia he whakarerekētanga mō ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti pūnaha (pēnei i a LoRaWAN, MQTT rānei), kia taea ai te mono-me-te-whakamahi, kia whakaitihia ai hoki ngā utu whakarerekētanga.

Ngā Hua Whakatinanatanga Tuarua: Kua Whakatauhia ngā Take Tohu, Kua Ruarua te Pai o te Whakamakuku

 

Whai muri i te whakatinanatanga i te turanga whakaaturanga māra aporo 1,000-eka a te kiritaki, i whakamatautauria te otinga pūihi ritenga, i muri i te huringa tipu e ono marama, ā, i manatokohia kua ea katoa te aukati tohu taketake. He nui atu ngā tohu mahi matua i ngā tumanakohanga:

 

Te Pūmautanga o te Tuku Raraunga: I piki ake te tere angitu o te tuku raraunga o te pūoko makuku oneone mai i te 70% ki te 99.2%. Ahakoa te ua nui me ngā hau kaha, i mau tonu te momotu raraunga, ā, ka tautoko tika i ngā raraunga makuku oneone mō te "whakamakuku i runga i te tono".

 

Urupare Whakahau Mana: I whakaitihia te roanga o te whakaroa mō te whakawhiti takirere solenoid me ngā whakahau whakahaere tere papu mai i te 3 hēkona ki te 0.3 hēkona, ā, i whakaitihia te tere ngaronga mōkihi whakahau ki te kore, ā, i whakakorea katoatia te "whakamakuku nui" (te wai nui o te oneone ka pirau te pakiaka) me te "kore e makuku" (te korenga o te wai hua ka iti ake ngā hua).

 

Te Urutau me te Utu mō te Taiao: Kāore i puta he rahunga pūihi i roto i ngā marama e ono, ā, i whakaitihia ngā utu tiaki mā te 80%. I tua atu, nā te raraunga makuku oneone tika me te whakahaere wā-tūturu, i whakaitihia te whakamahinga wai whakamakuku o te māra hua mā te 35%, ā, i hua ake ai te pikinga toharite o te hua mō ia mu. 12%. I muri mai, i whakawhānuihia e te kiritaki te otinga ki neke atu i te 20 ngā kaupapa whenua pāmu e hono ana.

 

Urupare a te kiritaki: "Ehara i te mea ko te pūihi ritenga anake te mea i whakatau i te raruraru tohu tino uaua, engari i taea ai hoki e te pūnaha whakamakuku aunoa te whakatutuki i te huinga o te atamai me te whai huatanga, e whakarato ana i te tautoko nui mō te whakamakuku penapena wai i runga i ngā whenua ahuwhenua nui."

Ⅳ. Akoranga Take: Te Arorau Matua o te Whakaritenga Pūihi Ahuwhenua Tika

 

E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau take, i roto i te mara ahuwhenua tino tika, ehara i te mea ko te whakaritenga pūihi anake te hiahia ki ngā whakarerekētanga tawhā; engari, me hono tata ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te tono:

 

"Te arotahi ki te horopaki": Tuatahi, ko ngā mahi matua o te Ratonga Pūihi me mārama te tautuhi (hei tauira, te tuku raraunga pūoko me te tuku whakahau whakahaere), kātahi ka hangaia he whakanui whainga, he roopu auau, me ngā otinga ārai-whakararuraru.

 

He mea nui te "urutau ki te taiao": He nui ngā rerekētanga o te whenua ahuwhenua i roto i te āhua o te whenua, te āhuarangi, me te taiao hikohiko, e hiahia ana kia kaha ake te mau o te pūihi e pā ana ki te ārai wai, te ātete ki te pāmahana, me te ātete ki te waikura.

 

Ka whakaitihia ngā utu e te "hototahi pūnaha": Me hototahi ngā otinga ritenga ki ngā atanga taputapu me ngā kawa o te kiritaki i ngā wā katoa e taea ana, kia kore ai e hangaia anō te pūnaha e puta mai i ngā whakarerekētanga pūihi.