He aha te tikanga o te aranga ake o ngā waea pūkoro e hono tika ana ki te amiorangi (Ipurangi o ngā Mea Amiorangi) mō te hoahoa o te pūihi taunga?
Ko te pikinga ake o te hangarau amiorangi-ki-pūkoro (Satellite IoT) he putanga nui i roto i te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Mā te whakauru i ngā whatunga pūkoro whenua tuku iho ki ngā whatunga amiorangi, ka tutuki te "kapinga rohe-katoa." He wero tēnei mō ngā taputapu waea pūkoro. pūihi te hoahoa me te whakatuwhera i ngā huarahi hou mō te auahatanga hangarau. Ko te tikanga o tēnei:
1. Te Wero Matua o te Hoahoa Pūihi: Te Taurite Tino Pai o te "Auau Maha, Aratau Maha, Mahi Teitei, me te Rahi Kiato"
Hototahi ki te Rōpū Auau: Me tautoko ngā pūihi taunga i ngā rōpū waea pūkoro tuku iho (hei tauira, 4G/5G Sub-6GHz) me ngā rōpū whakawhitiwhiti amiorangi (hei tauira, L-band, S-band, Ka/Ku-band rānei). Me whānui rawa te kapinga auau o te pūihi.
Te Whakarerekētanga Aratau: Me whakawhiti atamai te pūihi i waenga i te "Aratau Whenua" me te "Aratau Amiorangi". I te Aratau Whenua, me tutuki i a ia ngā whakaritenga tere-teitei me te iti-roa. I te Aratau Amiorangi, me whakahaere e ia te ngaronga ara nui, te nekehanga Doppler, me te whakahāngai amiorangi (ina koa mō ngā amiorangi porowhita kore-tūturu).
Te taupatupatu i waenga i te mahi me te rahi: Me whakamahi ngā pūihi whai hua nui i ngā hononga amiorangi nā te mea he roa te tawhiti me te ngoikore o ngā tohu. Heoi, ko ngā herenga rahi o ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā waea atamai ka aukati i te whakamahinga o ngā pūihi parabolic tuku iho. Ko te whakatutuki i te whai hua nui me te whai hua i roto i te wāhi iti tonu te wero nui rawa atu.
| Ahu Pānga | Ngā Whakaritenga Motuhake | Tohu Raraunga |
| Te Whakarerekētanga o te Rōpū | Tautoko i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi maha-roopu (roopu L/S/C/X/Ku) me te hototahi ki ngā roopu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūkoro whenua (5G/4G) | Te whānuitanga o te roopu amiorangi: 1.5-18GHz; Te auau hototahi o te roopu whenua ≥ 95% |
| Te Whakaiti me te Whakaurunga | Kia mau te noho tahi o te pūihi amiorangi me te pūihi waea pūkoro (hei tauira, te pūihi pūkoro, Ipurangi Ahokore pūihi) me te kore e whakanui ake i te rōrahi o te pito | Rahi pūihi: ≤ 800mm² (mō te pūrua waea atamai); Kiato whakaurunga: ≥ 6 pūihi i roto i te wāhi 10cm² |
| Te Whiwhi me te Aronga | Kia mau tonu te whiwhinga tohu pumau i roto i ngā horopaki whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi i runga i te koki teitei iti (≤ 10°). | Te whakanui pūihi: ≥ 5dBi (rōpū L); Te ōwehenga o mua-ki-muri: ≥ 15dB |
| Mahi Ārai-whakararuraru | Ātete ki te pokanoa mai i ngā tohu hiko whenua me te whakawhitiwhiti tohu i waenga i ngā amiorangi | Te whakakorenga o te pokanoa: ≥ 20dB; Te tere hapa moka (BER): ≤ 1×10⁻⁶ i te kaha tohu -120dBm |
| Arotautanga o te Whakamahinga Mana | Whakaitihia te whakapaunga hiko o te pūihi hei whakaroa i te wā tūtatari o te pūnga i te aratau whakawhitiwhiti amiorangi | Iahiko mahi a te pūihi: ≤ 50mA; Te whakamahinga hiko tūtatari: ≤ 5mA |
2.Te ahunga matua o te whanaketanga hangarau
Pūihi Hiko Atamai me te Pūihi Āhua-Wāhanga:
Ko te aronga matua ā muri ake nei ko te whakauru i ngā waeine pūihi maha ki roto i ngā pūihi whakarārangi ā-wāhanga, ka taea te whai aunoa i ngā amiorangi mā te matawai hiko me te kore e huri ā-tinana. He mea nui tēnei mō te hono i ngā amiorangi tere-tere e neke ana (pērā i a Starlink me StarNet).
Ko te wero hangarau kei roto i te whakauru i ngā huinga pito-mua RF matatini (tae atu ki ngā whakawhiti ā-wāhanga me ngā whatunga whāngai mana) ki roto i ngā pūrua tino-kikokore, me te whakahaere anō hoki i te whakapaunga mana me ngā utu.
Ngā Rauemi me te Auahatanga Hanganga:
Ka whakapaitia te whai huatanga o te pūihi, ā, ka whakaititia te rahi mā te whakamahi i te pūihi whakapūmau dielectric, te rauemi aukume, te metamaterial rānei.
I roto i te hanganga, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā pūihi ka taea te whirihora anō (te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga orooro mā roto i ngā pana), ngā pūihi ka taea te takai (te whakamahi i ngā rohe mata, i ngā anga waea rānei hei whakamahana), me ngā hoahoa whakakotahitanga maha-pūihi (te tiritiri amiorangi, Wi-Fi, me GPS ngā antenna).
Ngā Arorau Atamai me te Whakaurunga Pūnaha:
Ko te mahi a te pūihi ehara i te mea ko ngā taputapu anake engari ko ngā rauropi atamai hoki (pēnei i te whakahaere hihi e peia ana e te AI me te whakatikatika urutau) hei arotau i te hononga me te whakatikatika i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā rerekētanga o te tū a te ringaringa me ngā arai.
Me whai hoahoa mahi tahi hōhonu te pūihi, te pito mua RF, me te maramara papaaho kia tutuki ai te arotautanga mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga.
3.Pānga ki te Pūnaha Ā-Ahumahi
Kua tino whakapikihia te paepae hoahoa: me matatau ngā kaihanga pūihi ki ngā whakawhitiwhitinga amiorangi me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga pūkoro, me te pupuri tonu i te mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato maramara, ngā kaihanga taputapu, me ngā kaiwhakahaere amiorangi.
Ka piki ake te uaua o te whakamātautau: me whakamātautau i roto i ngā hongere amiorangi whakaata (pēnei i te nekehanga tere o ngā amiorangi porowhita-iti) me ngā taiao whenua uaua, e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga hou mō te rūma pouri, ngā taputapu whakamātautau me ngā kawa.
Te taupatupatu i waenga i te utu me te urunga ki te mākete: Ahakoa i te tīmatanga ka whakaatuhia pea e ngā tauira teitei ngā kōwae pūihi amiorangi motuhake, he mea nui te whakaiti i te utu mō te wā roa me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mana mā te whakaurunga hohonu kia whakamahia whānuitia ai i roto i ngā taputapu waenga-ki-iti.
4Te Tirohanga ā-Mārama
Te whanaketanga ā-wāhanga:
Wā poto: Ka tautokohia e te pūnaha ngā ratonga tere-iti pēnei i ngā karere poto a Beidou me ngā karere kuputuhi ohorere, me ngā hoahoa pūihi māmā noa iho (hei tauira, ngā pūihi whakairi-mata).
Awhe-waenga: E tautoko ana i te reo me ngā tere raraunga taurite, me ngā pūihi pakū-ake, ngā taputapu o waho rānei hei otinga whakawhiti.
Te moemoeā mō te wā roa: Ka noho ko ngā pūnaha pūihi whānui tere-tiketike me ngā pūnaha pūihi atamai kua whakauruhia kia noho hei paerewa, kia taea ai te whakawhiti maeneene i waenga i ngā whatunga whenua me ngā whatunga amiorangi mō ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Ngā pūnga hou o te reanga hou: Haunga ngā waea atamai, ngā taputapu mau, ngā taputapu i roto i te waka, me ngā pūoko IoT, ka whakaatuhia he hononga tika ki te amiorangi, ka puta he ngaru o ngā hoahoa pūihi kua whakauruhia kia rite ki ō hiahia.