Antena zo kurwanya gufunga zimeze gute?

Urutonde anteneIbikoresho bikoreshwa mu kurwanya ingaruka mbi byakunzwe cyane mu nganda kubera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka mbi no kunoza uburyo ibimenyetso byakirwa. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubukene bw’uburyo bw’itumanaho bwizewe kandi bufite imikorere myiza mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu itumanaho, mu kirere, mu by’umutekano no mu modoka, umuco wo gukoresha antene zo mu bwoko bwa array mu kwirinda ingaruka mbi ukomeje kwiyongera.

Inganda zikomeje gushishikazwa n’insinga za 'array antene' zishobora gukumira neza amasoko atandukanye y’ibintu bibangamira itumanaho nka 'co-channel interference', 'behind-channel interference' n’ibimenyetso by’ibikorwa bibangamira itumanaho. Iyi ngeso iterwa no gukenera sisitemu zikomeye z’itumanaho zishobora gukora ahantu hahurira abantu benshi kandi harangwa urusaku rw’amashanyarazi.

Uko icyifuzo cy’uburyo bwo gutumanaho butarimo imiyoboro kandi bwizewe bw’itumanaho rikoresha insinga kigenda cyiyongera, antene zo mu bwoko bwa antene zo gukoresha insinga zirinda kubangamirana byitezwe ko zizakomeza gukundwa cyane. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikoresha insinga rigenda rirushaho gukundwa n’imiyoboro ya 5G ishyirwa mu bikorwa, gukenera ibisubizo bigezweho byo kurwanya kubangamirana bizarushaho kugaragara, birusheho gutuma antene zo mu bwoko bwa antene zikoresha insinga ...

Mu gihe kiri imbere, iterambere rya antene zo mu bwoko bwa array zifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso, ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura imirasire, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha radiyo mu buryo bw'ubwenge biteganijwe ko bizaba ari ingenzi cyane. Iri terambere rizafasha antene zo mu bwoko bwa array guhinduka mu buryo buhamye kugira ngo zihuze n'imihindagurikire y'ibihe, zinoze imikorere myiza ya spectral kandi zinoze imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange.

Byongeye kandi, guhuza ubwenge bw’ubukorano n’uburyo bwo kwiga imashini muri sisitemu za antene z’uruhererekane byitezweho guhindura ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi, bigatuma habaho gushakisha, gushyira mu byiciro no kugabanya ingaruka mbi mu gihe nyacyo. Uku guhuza bizatanga inzira yo gushyiraho antene z’uruhererekane zigenga kandi zikora neza zishobora kurwanya ingaruka mbi mu bidukikije bigoye kandi bihindagurika.

Muri make, bitewe n’uko hakenewe sisitemu z’itumanaho zikomeye kandi zizewe, inganda zikomeje gushishikazwa na antene zo mu bwoko bwa array zo kurwanya gucika kw’amajwi. Iterambere ry’antene zo mu bwoko bwa array rizibanda ku gutunganya ibimenyetso bigezweho, guhindura imirasire y’amajwi, radiyo y’ubwenge no guhuza ubwenge bw’ubukorano, bigena icyerekezo cy’ikoranabuhanga ryo kurwanya gucika kw’amajwi mu myaka mike iri imbere.