Izamuka rya Terefone zigendanwa zihujwe na Satellite (Internet of Things) Bisobanura iki ku gishushanyo cya Antena za Terminal?
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya satellite-to-mobile (Satellite IoT) rigaragaza iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho. Mu guhuza imiyoboro isanzwe ya terefone zo ku isi n'imiyoboro ya satellite, bigeraho "gukwirakwiza urubuga rwose." Ibi bitera imbogamizi zitigeze zibaho kuri terminal. antene gushushanya no gufungura inzira nshya zo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. By'umwihariko, ibi bivuze:
1. Ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyo gushushanya antena: Ingano ya nyuma y'"Ingano nyinshi, Uburyo bwinshi, Imikorere myiza, n'ingano nto"
Uburyo Frequency Band ikora: Antene za Terminal zigomba gushyigikira bande za telefoni zisanzwe (urugero, 4G/5G Sub-6GHz) ndetse n'imirongo y'itumanaho rya satelite (urugero, L-band, S-band, cyangwa ndetse na Ka/Ku-band). Ibi bisaba ko antene igira frequency nini cyane.
Guhindura Uburyo: Antene igomba guhinduranya mu buryo bw'ubwenge hagati ya "Ground Mode" na "Satellite Mode". Muri Ground Mode, igomba kuzuza ibisabwa mu muvuduko mwinshi no mu gihe gito cyo gutinda. Muri Satellite Mode, igomba guhangana n'ibura ry'inzira nini, Doppler shift, no guhuza satelite (cyane cyane kuri satelite zitari geostationary orbit).
Ubufatanye mu mikorere: Amasano ya satelite asaba antene zikura cyane bitewe n'intera ndende n'ibimenyetso bidakomeye. Ariko, ingano y'ibikoresho nka telefoni zigendanwa ibuza ikoreshwa rya antene zisanzwe zikura neza. Kugera ku bushobozi n'ubushobozi bwinshi mu mwanya muto biracyari ikibazo gikomeye.
| Ingano y'ingaruka | Ibisabwa byihariye | Ikimenyetso cy'amakuru |
| Guhuza n'inyuguti | Gushyigikira itumanaho rya satelite ry'imirongo myinshi (L/S/C/X/Ku band) kandi rijyanye n'imirongo y'itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa zo ku isi (5G/4G) | Uburebure bw'umugozi wa satelite: 1.5-18GHz; Igipimo cyo guhuza umugozi wo ku isi ≥ 95% |
| Gushyira hamwe no gukora ku buryo buciriritse | Menya uburyo antene ya satelite na antene ya terefone igendanwa ibaho (urugero, antene igendanwa, Wi-Fi antene) nta kongera ingano y'aho terminal iherereye | Ingano ya antena: ≤ 800mm² (kuri terefone igendanwa); Ubucucike bw'ihuza: ≥ antene 6 mu mwanya wa 10cm² |
| Inyungu n'icyerekezo | Gukomeza kwakira ibimenyetso mu buryo buhamye mu buryo bworoshye bwo gutumanaho bwa satelite (≤ 10°) | Inyongera ya antena: ≥ 5dBi (Umurongo wa L); Igipimo cy'imbere n'inyuma: ≥ 15dB |
| Imikorere yo kurwanya kwivanga | Irinde kubangamira ibimenyetso bya elegitoroniki byo ku isi n'ibiganiro hagati y'ibimenyetso bya satelite | Kwanga kubangamira: ≥ 20dB; Igipimo cy'ikosa rya Bit (BER): ≤ 1 × 10⁻⁶ kuri -120dBm imbaraga z'ikimenyetso |
| Kunoza ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi | Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za antene kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo guhagarara mu buryo bw'itumanaho rya satelite | Ingufu zikoreshwa na antena: ≤ 50mA; Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zihoraho: ≤ 5mA |
2.Icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga
Antena y'ubuhanga yo gushushanya imirasire n'iy'itsinda ry'imirasire:
Icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cy’ejo hazaza ni uguhuza antene nyinshi muri antene za phased array, zishobora gukurikirana ibyogajuru mu buryo bwikora binyuze mu gushakisha hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga nta kuzunguruka ku buryo bufatika. Ibi ni ingenzi mu guhuza ibyogajuru byihuta cyane (nka Starlink na StarNet).
Ikibazo cya tekiniki kiri mu guhuza ibyuma bito bya RF front-end (harimo na phase shifters na power feed networks) muri terminals nto cyane mu gihe hagenzurwa ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'ikiguzi cyayo.
Ibikoresho n'udushya mu miterere:
Ingufu z'antene zirarushaho kwiyongera kandi ingano iragabanuka hakoreshejwe antene ya dielectric resonator, ibikoresho bya rukuruzi cyangwa metamaterial.
Mu miterere, dusuzuma antene zishobora guhindurwa (guhindura imiterere y'amajwi binyuze mu gusimbuza), antene zishobora gupfunyika (dukoresha imipaka ya ecran cyangwa terefone nk'ama-radiator), hamwe n'imiterere ya multi-antenna fusion (gusangiza satelite, Wi-Fi, na Abaganga ba GPS antene).
Algorithms z'ubwenge n'uburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu:
Imikorere ya antena ntabwo ishingira gusa ku bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ahubwo ishingira no ku buryo bw'ubwenge bwo gucunga urumuri (nk'uburyo bwo gucunga urumuri bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya gihanga) no gutunganya neza umurongo (adaptive tuning) kugira ngo wongere uburyo bwo guhuza no gusubiza ibintu nk'impinduka mu buryo bwo gufata amashusho n'imbogamizi.
Antene, RF front-end, na chip ya baseband bisaba igishushanyo mbonera cyimbitse kugira ngo ugere ku kunoza kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera.
3.Ingaruka ku rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu nganda
Igipimo cy’igishushanyo cyazamuwe cyane: abakora antene bagomba kumenya itumanaho rya satelite na telefoni zigendanwa, ariko bagakomeza gukorana bya hafi n’abatanga chips, abakora ibikoresho, n’abakoresha satelite.
Ingorane zo gupima ziyongera: zigomba kugeragezwa mu miyoboro ya satelite yiganwa (nk'ingendo yihuta ya satelite zo mu kirere gito) n'ibidukikije bigoye ku butaka, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa bishya ku cyumba cy'umwijima, ibikoresho byo gupima na porogaramu.
Ihindagurika hagati y’ikiguzi n’ikwirakwira ry’isoko: Nubwo moderi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zishobora kuba zifite module za antene za satelite zigenga, kugabanya ikiguzi mu gihe kirekire no kunoza imikorere myiza y’ingufu binyuze mu guhuza mu buryo bwimbitse ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikoresho bikoreshwe ku bwinshi.
4. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Iterambere ryimbitse mu byiciro:
Igihe gito: Sisitemu ishyigikira cyane cyane serivisi zihuta cyane nka Beidou ubutumwa bugufi na SMS zihutirwa, hamwe n'imiterere yoroheje ya antene (urugero, antene zo gushyira hejuru).
Hagati: Ishyigikira ijwi n'umuvuduko uri hagati w'amakuru, hamwe na antene zigaragara cyangwa ibikoresho byo hanze nk'ibisubizo by'impinduka.
Uburyo bwo kureba igihe kirekire: Uburyo bwa interineti yihuta cyane hamwe na sisitemu za antene zigezweho zizahinduka ibisanzwe, bityo abakoresha bazashobora guhinduranya imiyoboro y’isi n’iya satelite mu buryo butagorana.
Ibikoresho bishya byo mu bwoko bwa "next-gen": Uretse telefoni zigendanwa, ibikoresho byo kwambara, ibikoresho biri mu modoka, na sensor za IoT byose bizaba bifite uburyo bwo guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya satelite, bigatera imiterere ya antene zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye.