Uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezifakiwe ku-GNSS

Imibono eyiphutha emi-5 mayelana I-Gnss (Izinhlelo Zesathelayithi Zokuzulazula Zomhlaba Wonke)

❌ I-GNSS kanye Ama-Gps ziyafana.

✅ I-GPS ingenye yezinhlelo eziningana ze-GNSS; i-GNSS igama elibanzi elihlanganisa zonke izinhlelo zesathelayithi zokuzulazula zomhlaba wonke.

❌ I-GNSS iwusizo kuphela ekuzulazuleni.

✅ I-GNSS ibalulekile futhi ngesikhathi esinembile kwezokuxhumana, ebhange, kumagridi kagesi nokunye okuningi.

❌ Udinga uxhumano lwe-inthanethi ukuze usebenzise i-GNSS.

✅ I-GNSS Umamukelis isebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi, ngaphandle kwalapho kudingeka ukulungiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwedatha.

❌ Izimpawu ze-GNSS zitholakala noma kuphi eMhlabeni, ngisho nangaphansi komhlaba, futhi ziqinile futhi kulula ukuzibona.

✅ Izimpawu ze-GNSS zibuthakathaka futhi zingavinjelwa kalula yizithiyo ezifana nezakhiwo, imigudu, izihlahla, amaqabunga aminyene, noma ngisho nezimo zomkhathi.

❌ I-GNSS ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa esikhaleni.

✅ I-GNSS isetshenziselwa ukuzulazula ngisho nase-Low Earth Orbit (LEO) yezindiza zasemkhathini kanye namasathelayithi.

Izinhlelo Zesathelayithi Zokuhamba Zomhlaba Wonke (i-GNSS) zishintshe indlela esizulazula ngayo futhi siziqondise ngayo eMhlabeni. Lezi zinhlelo seziyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yethu yansuku zonke, kusukela ekusiqondiseni ohambweni lomgwaqo kuya ekusisizeni sithole indlela yethu ngesikhathi semisebenzi yangaphandle. Kodwa lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kanjani, futhi yiziphi izinhlelo eziyisithupha ezinkulu ze-GNSS ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bethu bokuhamba?

Ukuze uqonde ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-GNSS, kufanele uqonde izimiso eziyisisekelo ezingemuva kwalo. Izinhlelo ze-GNSS zinikeza izinsizakalo zokubeka, ukuzulazula kanye nesikhathi kubasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi esathelayithi. Lawa masathelayithi aqhubeka nokudlulisa izimpawu ezingamukelwa ngabamukeli be-GNSS, okubavumela ukubala indawo yazo eqondile eMhlabeni.

Izinhlelo eziyisithupha ezinkulu ze-GNSS yi-GPS yase-United States (Global Positioning System), i-GLONASS yaseRussia (Global Navigation Satellite System), i-Galileo yase-European Union, i-Beidou yaseShayina, i-NavIC yaseNdiya kanye ne-QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) evela eJapane. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo isebenza kusetshenziswa izimiso ezifanayo eziyisisekelo kodwa inezici ezithile ezihlukile kanye namakhono.

I-GPS uhlelo lwe-GNSS oludumile kakhulu futhi luqukethe amasathelayithi angu-24 azungeza umhlaba. Izimpawu ezikhishwa yilawa masathelayithi zingamukelwa yi-GPS receiver ukuze kutholakale indawo yomsebenzisi, isivinini nesikhathi. I-GLONASS ethuthukiswe eRussia ilandela isimiso esifanayo kodwa inamasathelayithi angu-24. I-Galileo uhlelo lwe-GNSS lwe-European Union, olwenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokubeka ezizimele nezinembile kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi nezempi.

Uhlelo lwaseShayina iBeidou luqukethe amasathelayithi angu-35 ambozwe umhlaba wonke futhi luklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhamba, ezolimo kanye nokusiza ezinhlekeleleni. Uhlelo lwe-NavIC lwaseNdiya luqukethe amasathelayithi ayisikhombisa, inhloso yawo eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokubeka indawo eqondile eNdiya nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Okokugcina, uhlelo lwe-QZSS lwaseJapan luklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwe-GPS esifundeni sase-Asia-Oceania ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamasathelayithi e-geostationary kanye ne-tilt.

Lezi zinhlelo eziyisithupha ze-GNSS zisebenza ngokudlulisa izimpawu ezivela kumasathelayithi azo kuya kumamukeli we-GNSS asemhlabeni. Umamukeli ube esesebenzisa izimpawu ezivela kumasathelayithi amaningi ukuze abale izikhundla zawo eziqondile ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-trilateration. Ngokulinganisa isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze izimpawu zihambe kusukela kumasathelayithi kuya kumamukeli, umamukeli anganquma ibanga lakhe kusuka ku-satellite ngayinye futhi ahlukanise indawo yakhe eMhlabeni.

Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokubeka kanye nokuzulazula, izinhlelo ze-GNSS nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene njengezindiza, ezolimo, ukuhlola kanye nokuxhumana ngocingo. Zivumela ukuvumelanisa isikhathi okunembile kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo, zenza kube lula imikhuba yezolimo esebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa ezolimo ezinembile, futhi zisekela ukuzulazula okuphephile nokunembile kwezindiza nemikhumbi.

Ngamafuphi, izinhlelo eziyisithupha ezinkulu ze-GNSS—i-GPS, i-GLONASS, i-Galileo, i-Beidou, i-NavIC, kanye ne-QZSS—zishintshe indlela esizulazula ngayo futhi sizibeke ngayo eMhlabeni. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi esathelayithi ukudlulisa izimpawu kubamukeli be-GNSS, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi banqume indawo yabo eqondile, isivinini kanye nesikhathi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, izinhlelo ze-GNSS zizodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ikusasa lezinsizakalo zokuzulazula zomhlaba wonke kanye nokubeka.