Kusho Ukuthini Ukwanda Kwamafoni Aphathwayo Axhunywe Ngokuqondile Ngesathelayithi (I-inthanethi Yezinto Zesathelayithi) Ngomklamo We-Antenna Yesiphetho?
Ukwanda kobuchwepheshe be-satellite-to-mobile (Satellite IoT) kumele intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana. Ngokuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi eselula asemhlabeni avamile namanethiwekhi e-satellite, kufeza "ukumbozwa kwesizinda esigcwele." Lokhu kuletha izinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili kwi-terminal i-antenna ukuklama nokuvula izindlela ezintsha zokusungula ubuchwepheshe. Ngokuqondile, lokhu kusho ukuthi:
1. Inselele Eyinhloko Yomklamo We-Antenna: Ibhalansi Ephelele "Yemvamisa Eminingi, Imodi Eminingi, Ukusebenza Okuphezulu, kanye Nosayizi Omncane"
Ukuhambisana Kwebhendi Yemvamisa: Ama-antenna e-terminal kumele asekele amabhendi eselula endabuko (isb., i-4G/5G Sub-6GHz) kanye namabhendi okuxhumana ngesathelayithi (isb., i-L-band, i-S-band, noma ngisho ne-Ka/Ku-band). Lokhu kudinga ukuthi i-antenna ibe nokumbozwa kwemvamisa okubanzi kakhulu.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nemodi: I-antenna kumele ishintshe ngobuhlakani phakathi "Kwemodi Yomhlaba" kanye "Nemodi Yesathelayithi". Kumodi Yomhlaba, kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo zesivinini esiphezulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi. Kumodi Yesathelayithi, kumele ibhekane nokulahleka kwendlela ephezulu, ukushintsha kwe-Doppler, kanye nokuqondanisa kwesathelayithi (ikakhulukazi kumasathelayithi angewona ama-geostationary orbit).
Ukushintshana kosayizi wokusebenza: Izixhumanisi zesathelayithi zidinga ama-antenna athola inzuzo ephezulu ngenxa yamabanga awo amade kanye nezimpawu ezibuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, imikhawulo yosayizi yamadivayisi afana nama-smartphone ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwama-antenna endabuko anjenge-parabolic. Ukufinyelela inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle ngaphakathi kwesikhala esilinganiselwe kuseyinselele enkulu.
| Ubukhulu Bomthelela | Izidingo Ezithile | Isikhombi Sedatha |
| Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Kwebhendi | Sekela ukuxhumana kwesathelayithi okunamabhendi amaningi (ibhendi ye-L/S/C/X/Ku) futhi iyahambisana namabhendi okuxhumana eselula asemhlabeni (5G/4G) | Ukumbozwa kwebhendi yesathelayithi: 1.5-18GHz; Izinga lokuhambisana kwebhendi yomhlaba ≥ 95% |
| Ukuhlanganiswa Okuncane Nokuncane | Qaphela ukuhlala ndawonye kwe-antenna yesathelayithi kanye ne-antenna eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwefoni ephathekayo (isb., i-antenna yeselula, I-Wi-Fi i-antenna) ngaphandle kokwandisa ivolumu yetheminali | Usayizi we-antenna: ≤ 800mm² (yetheminali ye-smartphone); Ubuningi bokuhlanganiswa: ≥ ama-antenna ayi-6 esikhaleni esingu-10cm² |
| Inzuzo kanye Nokuqondisa | Gcina ukwamukelwa kwesignali okuzinzile ezimweni zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi nge-engeli yokuphakama okuphansi (≤ 10°). | Ukwanda kwe-antenna: ≥ 5dBi (ibhendi L); Isilinganiso sangaphambili nesangemuva: ≥ 15dB |
| Ukusebenza kokulwa nokuphazamiseka | Melana nokuphazamiseka okuvela ezimpawini ze-electromagnetic zomhlaba kanye nokuxoxisana kwesignali ye-inter-satellite | Ukwenqatshwa kokuphazamiseka: ≥ 20dB; Izinga lephutha le-Bit (BER): ≤ 1×10⁻⁶ ku--120dBm amandla esignali |
| Ukuthuthukisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla | Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-antenna ukuze wandise isikhathi sokulinda kwetheminali kumodi yokuxhumana ngesathelayithi | Amandla okusebenza kwe-antenna: ≤ 50mA; Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okulindile: ≤ 5mA |
2.Isiqondiso sokuvela kobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko
I-Antenna ye-Beamforming ehlakaniphile kanye ne-Phased Array:
Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sesikhathi esizayo ukuhlanganisa amayunithi amaningi e-antenna kuma-antenna e-phased array, angalandelela ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-satellite ngokuskena ngogesi ngaphandle kokujikeleza ngokomzimba. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuxhumeni ama-satellite ahamba ngesivinini esikhulu ahamba nge-low orbit (njenge-Starlink ne-StarNet).
Inselele yobuchwepheshe ilele ekuhlanganiseni ama-RF front-end arrays ayinkimbinkimbi (kufaka phakathi ama-phase shifters namanethiwekhi okuhambisa amandla) kuma-terminals amancane kakhulu ngenkathi kulawulwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko.
Izinto zokwakha kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha:
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuyathuthuka futhi usayizi uyancishiswa ngokusebenzisa i-antenna ye-dielectric resonator, izinto ezisebenza ngogesi noma izinto ezisebenza ngogesi.
Ngokwesakhiwo, sihlola ama-antenna angalungiselelwa kabusha (ukushintsha izici ze-resonance ngamaswishi), ama-antenna angagoqeka (sisebenzisa imingcele yesikrini noma ozimele befoni njengama-radiator), kanye nemiklamo yokuhlanganisa ama-antenna amaningi (ukwabelana ngesathelayithi, i-Wi-Fi, kanye Ama-Gps ama-antenna).
Ama-Algorithm Ahlakaniphile Nokuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu:
Ukusebenza kwe-antenna akuxhomekile kuphela kwihadiwe kodwa futhi nakuma-algorithms ahlakaniphile (njengokuphathwa kwe-AI okuqhutshwa yi-beam kanye nokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo) ukuze kulungiselelwe isixhumanisi futhi kulungiswe izici ezifana nokushintshashintsha kwesimo esiphathwayo kanye nezithiyo.
I-antenna, i-RF front-end, kanye ne-baseband chip kudinga ukwakheka okujulile kokubambisana ukuze kufezwe ukulungiswa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
3.Umthelela Esistimu Yezimboni Yezinto Eziphilayo
Umkhawulo womklamo uphakanyiswe kakhulu: abakhiqizi be-antenna kumele babe nolwazi lokuxhumana kwesathelayithi kanye neselula, kuyilapho begcina ukubambisana okuseduze nabaphakeli be-chip, abenzi bamadivayisi, kanye nabaqhubi besathelayithi.
Ubunzima bokuhlola buyanda: kudinga ukuhlolwa eziteshini zesathelayithi ezilingisiwe (njengokuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu kwamasathelayithi ahamba nge-orbit ephansi) kanye nasezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomhlaba, okubeka phambili izidingo ezintsha zegumbi elimnyama, amathuluzi okuhlola kanye nezinqubo.
Ukuhwebelana phakathi kwezindleko nokungena emakethe: Ngenkathi amamodeli aphezulu angase abe namamojula e-antenna e-satellite azimele ekuqaleni, ukunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kumadivayisi aphakathi kuya kwaphansi.
4Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo
Ukuvela kwesimo ngezigaba:
Isikhathi esifushane: Uhlelo lusekela ngokuyinhloko izinsizakalo zesivinini esiphansi njengemiyalezo emifushane ye-Beidou kanye ne-SMS ephuthumayo, enemiklamo ye-antenna elula (isb., ama-antenna afakwa phezulu).
Ibanga eliphakathi: Isekela izwi kanye namazinga edatha alinganiselayo, ngama-antenna e-pop-up noma amadivayisi angaphandle njengezixazululo zesikhashana.
Umbono wesikhathi eside: I-broadband yesivinini esikhulu kanye nezinhlelo ze-antenna ezihlakaniphile ezihlanganiswe ngokusobala zizoba yizinga elijwayelekile, okuvumela ukushintshana okungenamthungo phakathi kwamanethiwekhi asemhlabeni kanye nawesathelayithi kubasebenzisi.
Amatheminali esizukulwane esilandelayo asafufusa: Ngale kwama-smartphone, izinto ezigqokwayo, amadivayisi angaphakathi emotweni, kanye nezinzwa ze-IoT konke kuzoba nokuxhumana okuqondile kwesathelayithi, okuzobangela igagasi lemiklamo ye-antenna efakwe ngokwezifiso.