E mōhio ana koe ki ngā pūnaha kei roto i te GNSS?

5 ngā whakaaro hē mō Gnss (Ngā Pūnaha Amiorangi Whakatere Ao)

❌ GNSS me GPS he ōrite.

✅ Ko te GPS tētahi o ngā pūnaha GNSS maha; he kupu whānui te GNSS e kapi ana i ngā pūnaha amiorangi whakatere o te ao katoa.

❌ He mea whai hua te GNSS mō te whakatere anake.

✅ He mea nui anō hoki te GNSS mō te wā tika i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā peeke, ngā whatunga hiko me te maha atu.

❌ Me whai hononga ipurangi koe hei whakamahi i te GNSS.

✅ GNSS Kaiwhiwhika mahi motuhake i te Ipurangi, engari mēnā e hiahiatia ana he whakatikatika hei whakapai ake i te tika o ngā raraunga.

❌ Kei ngā wāhi katoa o te Ao ngā tohu GNSS, tae atu ki raro i te whenua, ā, he kaha, he ngāwari hoki te kite.

✅ He ngoikore ngā tohu GNSS, ā, ka taea te aukati ngāwari e ngā arai pēnei i ngā whare, ngā kauhanga, ngā rākau, ngā rau matotoru, tae noa ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi.

Kāore e taea te whakamahi i te GNSS i te wāhi mokemoke.

✅ Ka whakamahia te GNSS mō te whakatere ahakoa i te Herenga Papatūānuku Iti (LEO) mō ngā waka mokowhiti me ngā amiorangi.

Kua hurihia e ngā Pūnaha Tiritiri Whakatere Ao (GNSS) te huarahi e whakatere ai tātou me te whakahāngai i a tātou ki runga i te Ao. Kua noho ēnei pūnaha hei wāhanga nui o ō tātou oranga o ia rā, mai i te ārahi i a tātou i ngā haerenga rori ki te āwhina i a tātou ki te kimi i tō tātou ara i ngā mahi o waho. Engari me pēhea te mahi a ēnei pūnaha, ā, he aha ngā pūnaha GNSS matua e ono e whakakaha ana i tā tātou hangarau whakatere?

Hei mārama ki te whakahaere o tētahi pūnaha GNSS, me mārama koe ki ngā mātāpono taketake kei muri. Ka whakaratohia e ngā pūnaha GNSS ngā ratonga tūnga, whakatere me te wā ki ngā kaiwhakamahi huri noa i te ao mā te whakamahi i ngā whatunga amiorangi. Ka tukuna tonutia e ēnei amiorangi ngā tohu ka taea te whiwhi e ngā kaiwhiwhi GNSS, ka taea ai e rātou te tatau i tō rātou tūranga tika i runga i te Ao.

Ko ngā pūnaha GNSS matua e ono ko te GPS (Global Positioning System) o te Hononga o Amerika, te GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) o Rūhia, te Galileo o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, te Beidou o Haina, te NavIC o Īnia me te QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) o Hapani. He rite tonu ngā mātāpono taketake o ia pūnaha engari he āhuatanga me ngā āheinga ahurei anō hoki.

Ko te GPS te pūnaha GNSS rongonui rawa atu, ā, e 24 ngā amiorangi e porowhita ana i te whenua. Ka taea te whiwhi i ngā tohu e tukuna ana e ēnei amiorangi e te kaiwhiwhi GPS hei whakatau i te tauwāhi, te tere me te wā o te kaiwhakamahi. He rite tonu te kaupapa o te GLONASS i whakawhanakehia e Rūhia engari e 24 ngā amiorangi. Ko Galileo te pūnaha GNSS a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, i hangaia hei whakarato i ngā pūnaha tūnga motuhake me te tino tika mō te whakamahinga ā-iwi me te hōia.

E 35 ngā amiorangi o te pūnaha Beidou o Haina e horapa ana puta noa i te ao, ā, kua hangaia hei whakarato ratonga mō te kawe waka, te ahuwhenua me te awhina ā-whatumanawa. E whitu ngā amiorangi o te pūnaha NavIC o Īnia, ko tā rātou kaupapa matua he whakarato ratonga tūnga tika i Īnia me ngā rohe huri noa. Hei whakamutunga, kua hangaia te pūnaha QZSS o Hapani hei whakapai ake i te tika me te pono o te GPS i te rohe o Āhia-Oceania mā te whakamahi i te huinga o ngā amiorangi geostationary me ngā amiorangi honga.

Ka whakahaerehia e ēnei pūnaha GNSS e ono mā te tuku tohu mai i ō rātou amiorangi ki ngā kaiwhiwhi GNSS whenua. Kātahi ka whakamahia e te kaiwhiwhi ngā tohu mai i ngā amiorangi maha hei tatau i ō rātou tūranga tika mā te tukanga e kiia nei ko te trilateration. Mā te ine i te wā e pau ana mō ngā tohu ki te haere mai i ngā amiorangi ki te kaiwhiwhi, ka taea e te kaiwhiwhi te whakatau i tōna tawhiti mai i ia amiorangi me te whakapūtā i tōna tūranga i runga i te Ao.

Haunga te whakarato ratonga tūnga me te whakatere, he mahi nui anō hoki tā ngā pūnaha GNSS i roto i ngā momo ahumahi pēnei i te rererangi, te ahuwhenua, te ruri whenua me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ka taea e rātou te whakarite i te wā tika o ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka āwhina i ngā mahi ahuwhenua whai hua mā te ahuwhenua tika, ā, ka tautoko i te whakatere haumaru me te tika o ngā waka rererangi me ngā kaipuke.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko ngā pūnaha GNSS matua e ono—GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, NavIC, me QZSS—kua huri i te huarahi e whakatere ai tātou me te whakanoho i a tātou ki runga i te Ao. Ka mahi ēnei pūnaha mā te whakamahi i ngā whatunga amiorangi hei tuku tohu ki ngā kaiwhiwhi GNSS, e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakatau i tō rātou tūranga tika, te tere me te wā. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ka nui haere te mahi a ngā pūnaha GNSS ki te hanga i te heke mai o ngā ratonga whakatere me te whakanoho o te ao.