Kodi Kukwera kwa Mafoni A m'manja Olumikizidwa Mwachindunji ndi Satellite (Satellite Internet of Things) Kumatanthauza Chiyani pa Kapangidwe ka Ma Antena a Terminal?
Kukwera kwa ukadaulo wa satellite-to-mobile (Satellite IoT) kukuyimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wolumikizirana. Mwa kuphatikiza maukonde achikhalidwe amafoni apadziko lapansi ndi maukonde a satellite, zimakwaniritsa "kufalikira kwathunthu kwa domain." Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zomwe sizinachitikepo kwa terminal. mlongoti kupanga ndi kutsegula njira zatsopano zopangira zatsopano zaukadaulo. Makamaka, izi zikutanthauza:
1. Vuto Lofunika Kwambiri la Kapangidwe ka Ma Antena: Kulinganiza Kwambiri kwa "Kuchuluka kwa Ma Frequency, Multi-Mode, High-Performance, ndi Kukula Kochepa"
Kugwirizana kwa Ma Frequency Band: Ma antenna a terminal ayenera kuthandizira ma band achikhalidwe a foni (monga, 4G/5G Sub-6GHz) ndi ma band olumikizirana ndi satellite (monga, L-band, S-band, kapena ngakhale Ka/Ku-band). Izi zimafuna kuti antenna ikhale ndi ma frequency ambiri.
Kusintha kwa Ma Mode: Antena iyenera kusintha mwanzeru pakati pa "Ground Mode" ndi "Satellite Mode". Mu Ground Mode, iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za liwiro lapamwamba komanso latency yotsika. Mu Satellite Mode, iyenera kuthana ndi kutayika kwa njira yayikulu, kusintha kwa Doppler, ndi kulinganiza kwa satelayiti (makamaka kwa ma satellite omwe si a geostationary orbit).
Kugwirizana kwa kukula kwa magwiridwe antchito: Maulalo a satellite amafuna ma antenna okwera mtengo chifukwa cha mtunda wawo wautali komanso zizindikiro zofooka. Komabe, zoletsa kukula kwa zipangizo monga mafoni a m'manja zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma antenna achikhalidwe a parabolic. Kupeza phindu lalikulu komanso magwiridwe antchito mkati mwa malo ochepa kudakali vuto lalikulu.
| Kukula kwa Zotsatira | Zofunikira Zapadera | Chizindikiro cha Deta |
| Kusinthasintha kwa Band | Thandizani kulumikizana kwa satellite yamagulu ambiri (L/S/C/X/Ku band) ndipo imagwirizana ndi magulu olumikizirana pafoni padziko lapansi (5G/4G) | Kuphimba kwa gulu la satellite: 1.5-18GHz; Kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana kwa gulu lapadziko lapansi ≥ 95% |
| Kuchepetsa ndi Kuphatikiza | Dziwani kukhalapo kwa antenna ya satellite ndi antenna yomangidwa mkati mwa foni yam'manja (monga antenna yam'manja, Wifi antenna) popanda kuwonjezera voliyumu ya terminal | Kukula kwa ma antenna: ≤ 800mm² (ya foni yam'manja); Kuchulukana kwa ma antenna: ≥ ma antenna 6 m'malo a 10cm² |
| Kupeza ndi Kutsogolera | Sungani kulandila kwa chizindikiro chokhazikika pa ngodya yotsika (≤ 10°) yolumikizirana ndi satelayiti | Kuwonjezeka kwa ma antenna: ≥ 5dBi (L band); Chiŵerengero cha kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo: ≥ 15dB |
| Kuletsa kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito | Pewani kusokonezedwa ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi zapadziko lapansi ndi kulankhulana kwa zizindikiro zapakati pa satelayiti | Kukana kusokoneza: ≥ 20dB; Mlingo wa zolakwika za Bit (BER): ≤ 1×10⁻⁶ pa -120dBm mphamvu ya chizindikiro |
| Kukonza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu | Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya antenna kuti muwonjezere nthawi yoyimirira mu terminal mu njira yolumikizirana ndi satellite | Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya antenna: ≤ 50mA; Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyimirira: ≤ 5mA |
2.Njira yofunika kwambiri yosinthira ukadaulo
Antena Yopangira Beamforming Yanzeru ndi Phased Array:
Njira yaikulu yamtsogolo ndikuphatikiza ma antenna angapo mu ma antenna ophatikizika, omwe amatha kutsata ma satellite okha kudzera mu scanning yamagetsi popanda kuzungulira kwenikweni. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri polumikiza ma satellite oyenda mofulumira kwambiri (monga Starlink ndi StarNet).
Vuto laukadaulo lili pakuphatikiza ma RF front-end arrays ovuta (kuphatikiza ma phase shifters ndi ma power feed network) m'ma terminals owonda kwambiri komanso kuwongolera momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zipangizo ndi Kupanga Zinthu Mwatsopano:
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa antenna kumawonjezeka ndipo kukula kwake kumachepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito antenna ya dielectric resonator, magnetic material kapena metamaterial.
Mwa kapangidwe kake, timafufuza ma antenna osinthika (kusintha mawonekedwe a resonance kudzera mu switch), ma antenna opindika (kugwiritsa ntchito malire a sikirini kapena mafelemu a foni ngati ma radiator), ndi mapangidwe ophatikiza ma antenna ambiri (kugawana satellite, Wi-Fi, ndi GPS tinyanga).
Ma Algorithm Anzeru ndi Kuphatikiza Dongosolo:
Kugwira ntchito kwa ma antenna sikudalira kokha pa zida zamagetsi komanso pa ma algorithms anzeru (monga kasamalidwe ka beam koyendetsedwa ndi AI ndi kusintha kosinthika) kuti akonze bwino ulalo ndikuchepetsa zinthu monga kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ndi zopinga za m'manja.
Antena, RF front-end, ndi chip ya baseband zimafuna kapangidwe kogwirizana kwambiri kuti zikwaniritse kukonza bwino kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.
3.Zotsatira pa Zachilengedwe Zamakampani
Mulingo wa kapangidwe kake wakwezedwa kwambiri: opanga ma antenna ayenera kudziwa bwino kulumikizana kwa satellite ndi mafoni, pomwe akupitilizabe kugwirizana ndi ogulitsa ma chip, opanga zida, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ma satellite.
Kuvuta kwa mayeso kukuwonjezeka: kumafunika kuyesedwa m'njira zoyeserera za satellite (monga kuyenda kwa liwiro la ma satellite otsika) ndi malo ovuta pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira zatsopano za chipinda chamdima, zida zoyesera ndi ma protocol.
Kusinthanitsa pakati pa mtengo ndi kulowa pamsika: Ngakhale kuti mitundu yapamwamba ingakhale ndi ma module a antenna odziyimira pawokha a satellite, kuchepetsa ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kusintha kwa mphamvu kudzera mu kuphatikizana kwakukulu ndikofunikira kuti zipangizo zambiri zigwiritsidwe ntchito pakati mpaka pansi.
4Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo
Kusintha pang'onopang'ono:
Kwakanthawi kochepa: Dongosololi limathandizira makamaka mautumiki othamanga pang'ono monga mauthenga afupiafupi a Beidou ndi SMS yadzidzidzi, yokhala ndi mapangidwe osavuta a antenna (monga ma antenna oyika pamwamba).
Pakati: Imathandizira mawu ndi kuchuluka kwa deta pang'ono, ndi ma antenna otuluka kapena zida zakunja ngati njira zosinthira.
Masomphenya Anthawi Yaitali: Makina a Broadband othamanga kwambiri komanso ma antenna anzeru ophatikizidwa bwino adzakhala okhazikika, zomwe zingathandize kusinthana bwino pakati pa maukonde apadziko lapansi ndi a satellite kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Ma terminal atsopano: Kupatula mafoni a m'manja, zida zovalidwa, zida za m'galimoto, ndi masensa a IoT onse adzakhala ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa satellite, zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a antenna ophatikizidwa mwamakonda.