Menene Ma'anar Tasowar Wayoyin Salula Masu Haɗa Tauraron Dan Adam Kai Tsaye (Internet na Abubuwa na Tauraron Dan Adam) ga Tsarin Eriya Mai Tashar?
Ci gaban fasahar tauraron dan adam zuwa wayar hannu (IoT ta tauraron dan adam) yana wakiltar babban ci gaba a fasahar sadarwa. Ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani na wayar salula da hanyoyin sadarwar tauraron dan adam, yana cimma "cikakken kariya." Wannan yana gabatar da ƙalubalen da ba a taɓa gani ba ga tashar jiragen ruwa. eriya tsara da kuma buɗe sabbin hanyoyi don ƙirƙirar fasaha. Musamman ma, wannan yana nufin:
1. Babban Kalubalen Tsarin Eriya: Ma'aunin "Mita Mai Yawa, Yanayi Mai Yawa, Babban Aiki, da Ƙaramin Girma"
Daidaita Mitar Sauti: Eriya ta ƙarshe dole ne ta goyi bayan madannin salula na gargajiya (misali, 4G/5G Sub-6GHz) da kuma madannin sadarwa na tauraron dan adam (misali, madannin L, madannin S, ko ma madannin Ka/Ku). Wannan yana buƙatar eriya ta sami faffadan murfin mita.
Daidaita Yanayin: Eriya dole ne ta canza tsakanin "Yanayin Ƙasa" da "Yanayin Tauraron Dan Adam" cikin hikima. A Yanayin Ƙasa, dole ne ta cika buƙatun babban gudu da ƙarancin latency. A Yanayin Tauraron Dan Adam, dole ne ta magance asarar hanya mai girma, canjin Doppler, da daidaitawar tauraron dan adam (musamman ga tauraron dan adam masu kewayawa ba na geostationary ba).
Canjin girman aiki: Hanyoyin haɗin tauraron ɗan adam suna buƙatar eriya masu ƙarfi saboda nisan da suke da shi da kuma siginar da ba ta da ƙarfi. Duk da haka, iyakokin girman na'urori kamar wayoyin komai da ruwanka suna hana amfani da eriya na gargajiya na parabolic. Samun babban riba da inganci a cikin ɗan gajeren sarari ya kasance babban ƙalubale.
| Girman Tasiri | Takamaiman Bukatu | Alamar Bayanai |
| Daidaita Rukunin Band | Goyi bayan sadarwa ta tauraron dan adam mai amfani da na'urori masu yawa (L/S/C/X/Ku band) kuma ya dace da na'urorin sadarwa ta wayar hannu ta ƙasa (5G/4G) | Murfin tauraron dan adam: 1.5-18GHz; Matsakaicin dacewa da madaurin ƙasa ≥ 95% |
| Rage Ragewa & Haɗawa | Gane kasancewar eriyar tauraron ɗan adam da eriyar wayar hannu da aka gina a ciki (misali, eriyar wayar salula, Wi-Fi eriya) ba tare da ƙara girman tashar ba | Girman eriya: ≤ 800mm² (don tashar wayar hannu); Yawan haɗin kai: ≥ eriya 6 a cikin sarari 10cm² |
| Samuwa & Hanyar Hanya | A kiyaye karɓuwar siginar da ta dace a yanayin sadarwa ta tauraron dan adam mai ƙarancin tsayi (≤ 10°) | Ribar eriya: ≥ 5dBi (Ƙungiyar L); Rabon gaba da baya: ≥ 15dB |
| Ayyukan Anti-tsangwama | Kauce wa tsangwama daga siginar lantarki ta ƙasa da kuma hanyar sadarwa tsakanin tauraron dan adam | Kin amincewa da tsangwama: ≥ 20dB; Kuskuren bit (BER): ≤ 1×10⁻⁶ a ƙarfin siginar -120dBm |
| Inganta Amfani da Wutar Lantarki | Rage amfani da wutar lantarki ta eriya don tsawaita lokacin jiran aiki a yanayin sadarwa ta tauraron dan adam | Wutar lantarki mai aiki da eriya: ≤ 50mA; Yawan wutar lantarki mai jiran aiki: ≤ 5mA |
2.Babban alkiblar juyin halittar fasaha
Tsarin Haske Mai Hankali da Tsarin Jeri Mai Sauƙi:
Babban alkiblar da za a bi a nan gaba ita ce a haɗa na'urorin eriya da yawa cikin eriya mai tsari mai tsari, wanda zai iya bin diddigin tauraron dan adam ta atomatik ta hanyar na'urar daukar hoto ta lantarki ba tare da juyawa ta zahiri ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don haɗa tauraron dan adam masu saurin gudu (kamar Starlink da StarNet).
Kalubalen fasaha yana cikin haɗa jerin hanyoyin RF masu rikitarwa (gami da masu sauya lokaci da hanyoyin sadarwa na ciyar da wutar lantarki) zuwa tashoshi masu siriri sosai yayin da ake sarrafa amfani da wutar lantarki da farashi.
Ƙirƙirar Kayan Aiki da Tsarin Gida:
Ana inganta ingancin eriya kuma ana rage girman ta hanyar amfani da eriya mai kama da dielectric resonator, kayan maganadisu ko kayan metamaterial.
Ta hanyar tsari, muna bincika eriya masu sake saitawa (canza halayen resonance ta hanyar maɓallan), eriya masu naɗewa (ta amfani da iyakokin allo ko firam ɗin waya azaman radiators), da ƙirar haɗakar eriya da yawa (raba tauraron ɗan adam, Wi-Fi, da GPS eriya).
Tsarin Algorithms Mai Hankali da Haɗin Tsarin:
Aikin eriya ba wai kawai ya dogara da kayan aiki ba har ma da algorithms masu wayo (kamar sarrafa hasken da ke aiki da AI da kuma daidaitawa) don inganta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo da kuma rama abubuwan da suka shafi bambancin yanayin aiki da cikas na hannu.
Eriya, RF front-end, da kuma guntu na baseband suna buƙatar ƙira mai zurfi ta haɗin gwiwa don cimma ingantaccen aiki daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe.
3.Tasiri Kan Tsarin Masana'antu
An ƙara girman matakin ƙira sosai: masana'antun eriya dole ne su ƙware a fannin sadarwa ta tauraron ɗan adam da ta wayar hannu, yayin da suke ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa da masu samar da guntu, masu kera na'urori, da masu sarrafa tauraron ɗan adam.
Matsalolin gwaji yana ƙaruwa: yana buƙatar a gwada shi a cikin tashoshin tauraron ɗan adam da aka kwaikwayi (kamar motsi mai sauri na tauraron ɗan adam mai ƙarancin kewayawa) da kuma yanayin ƙasa mai rikitarwa, wanda ke gabatar da sabbin buƙatu ga ɗakin duhu, kayan aikin gwaji da ka'idoji.
Ciniki tsakanin farashi da shigar kasuwa: Duk da cewa samfuran zamani na iya ƙunsar na'urorin eriya na tauraron ɗan adam da kansu, rage farashi na dogon lokaci da haɓaka ingancin wutar lantarki ta hanyar haɗakarwa mai zurfi suna da mahimmanci don amfani da na'urori masu matsakaici zuwa ƙananan.
4Hasashen Nan Gaba
Juyin halitta a mataki-mataki:
Na ɗan gajeren lokaci: Tsarin yana tallafawa ayyukan gaggawa kamar saƙonnin gajerun Beidou da SMS na gaggawa, tare da ƙirar eriya mai sauƙi (misali, eriya masu hawa saman).
Matsakaicin zango: Yana goyan bayan murya da matsakaicin ƙimar bayanai, tare da eriya mai tasowa ko na'urorin waje azaman mafita na canji.
Hangen nesa na dogon lokaci: Tsarin eriya mai sauri da kuma tsarin eriya mai wayo da aka haɗa cikin gaskiya za su zama na yau da kullun, wanda ke ba da damar sauyawa tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙasa da na tauraron ɗan adam ga masu amfani.
Tashoshin zamani masu tasowa: Bayan wayoyin komai da ruwanka, na'urorin da ake iya sawa, na'urorin cikin mota, da na'urori masu auna sigina na IoT duk za su ƙunshi haɗin kai tsaye na tauraron ɗan adam, wanda zai haifar da tarin ƙirar eriya da aka keɓance.