Kuthetha ukuthini ukunyuka kweefowuni eziphathwayo eziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwiSatellite (i-intanethi yezinto zeSatellite) kuyilo lwee-antenna zesiphelo?
Ukwanda kwetekhnoloji yesathelayithi ukuya kwiselula (iSatellite IoT) kubonisa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano. Ngokudibanisa iinethiwekhi zeselula zemveli zomhlaba kunye neenethiwekhi zesathelayithi, ifezekisa "ukugubungela i-domain epheleleyo." Oku kuzisa imingeni engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili kwi-terminal. i-antenna ukuyila nokuvula iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe. Oku kuthetha ukuba:
1. Umngeni oPhambili woYilo lwee-Antenna: Ibhalansi ephezulu "yee-Multi-Frequency, i-Multi-Mode, i-High-Performance, kunye nobukhulu obuncinci"
Ukuhambelana kwebhendi yesandi: Ii-antenna zesiphelo kufuneka zixhase zombini iibhendi zeselula zemveli (umz., i-4G/5G Sub-6GHz) kunye neebhendi zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi (umz., ibhendi ye-L, ibhendi ye-S, okanye nebhendi ye-Ka/Ku). Oku kufuna ukuba i-antenna ibe nogubungelo olubanzi kakhulu lwesandi.
Uhlengahlengiso lweMowudi: I-antenna kufuneka itshintshe ngobuchule phakathi kwe-"Ground Mode" kunye ne-"Satellite Mode". KwiMowudi yeGround, kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-low latency. KwiMowudi yeSatellite, kufuneka ijongane nokulahleka kwendlela ephezulu, i-Doppler shift, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesathelayithi (ingakumbi kwi-non-geostationary orbit satellites).
Utshintsho lobungakanani bokusebenza: Iikhonkco zesathelayithi zifuna ii-antenna ezifumana amandla aphezulu ngenxa yomgama wazo omde kunye nemiqondiso ebuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, imida yobukhulu bezixhobo ezifana neefowuni zithintela ukusetyenziswa kwee-antenna zemveli ezibonisa amandla aphezulu. Ukufikelela kwinzuzo ephezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngaphakathi kwendawo encinci kuseyeyona ngxaki inkulu.
| Ubukhulu beMpembelelo | Iimfuno ezithile | Isalathisi seDatha |
| Ukuguquguquka kwebhendi | Xhasa unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi oluneebhendi ezininzi (ibhendi ye-L/S/C/X/Ku) kwaye iyahambelana neebhendi zonxibelelwano oluphathwayo zomhlaba (5G/4G) | Ugutyungelwe yibhendi yesathelayithi: 1.5-18GHz; Izinga lokuhambelana kwebhendi yomhlaba ≥ 95% |
| Ukwenziwa okuncinci kunye nokuhlanganiswa | Ukuqonda ukuhlala kunye kwe-antenna yesathelayithi kunye ne-antenna eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwifowuni (umz., i-antenna yeselula, I-Wi-Fi i-antenna) ngaphandle kokunyusa ivolumu yesiphelo | Ubungakanani be-antenna: ≤ 800mm² (kwi-terminal yefowuni); Uxinano lokudibanisa: ≥ ii-antenna ezi-6 kwindawo eyi-10cm² |
| Inzuzo kunye neNgcebiso | Gcina ulwamkelo oluzinzileyo lwesignali kwiimeko zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi ezisezantsi (≤ 10°). | Ukwanda kwe-antenna: ≥ 5dBi (ibhendi ye-L); Umlinganiselo wangaphambili nomva: ≥ 15dB |
| Ukusebenza kokuchasana nokuphazamiseka | Melana nokuphazamiseka okuvela kwimiqondiso ye-electromagnetic yomhlaba kunye ne-crosstalk yesignali ye-inter-satellite | Ukwala ukuphazamiseka: ≥ 20dB; Izinga lempazamo yeBit (BER): ≤ 1×10⁻⁶ kwi -120dBm amandla esignali |
| Ukuphucula Ukusetyenziswa koMbane | Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-antenna ukuze wandise ixesha lokulinda kwisiphelo sendlela yonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi | Umbane osebenzayo we-antenna: ≤ 50mA; Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okulindileyo: ≤ 5mA |
2.Isikhokelo sophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ephambili
I-Intelligent Beamforming kunye ne-Phased Array Antenna:
Isikhokelo esiphambili sexesha elizayo kukudibanisa iiyunithi ezininzi ze-antenna kwii-antenna ezidibeneyo, ezinokulandelela ngokuzenzekelayo ii-satellites ngokuskena nge-elektroniki ngaphandle kokujikeleza ngokomzimba. Oku kubalulekile ekudibaniseni ii-satellites ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu ezijikelezayo (ezifana neStarlink kunye neStarNet).
Umngeni wobuchwephesha usekwe ekudibaniseni ii-RF front-end arrays ezintsonkothileyo (kuquka ii-phase shifters kunye neenethiwekhi zombane) kwii-terminals ezincinci kakhulu ngelixa kulawulwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko.
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule boLwakhiwo:
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kuyaphuculwa kwaye ubungakanani buyancitshiswa ngokusebenzisa i-antenna ye-dielectric resonator, izinto zemagnethi okanye i-metaterial.
Ngokwesakhiwo, sihlola ii-antenna ezinokuhlengahlengiswa kwakhona (ukutshintsha iimpawu ze-resonance ngokusebenzisa ii-switches), ii-antenna ezinokusongeka (sisebenzisa imida yesikrini okanye iifreyimu zefowuni njengee-radiator), kunye noyilo lwe-multi-antenna fusion (ukwabelana ngesathelayithi, i-Wi-Fi, kunye IGPS ii-antenna).
Ii-Algorithms ezikrelekrele kunye nokuHlanganisa iNkqubo:
Ukusebenza kwe-antenna akuxhomekanga kwi-hardware kuphela kodwa nakwi-algorithms ezikrelekrele (ezifana nolawulo lwe-AI oluqhutywa yi-beam kunye nokulungiswa okuguqukayo) ukuze kuphuculwe ikhonkco kwaye kulungiswe izinto ezifana nokuguquguquka kwesimo esiphathwayo kunye nezithintelo.
I-antenna, i-RF front-end, kunye ne-baseband chip zifuna uyilo oludibeneyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukulungiswa okusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni.
3.Impembelelo kwiNkqubo yezeNdalo yeShishini
Umda woyilo uphakanyiswe kakhulu: abavelisi be-antenna kufuneka babe nolwazi olupheleleyo ngonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi kunye nolweselula, ngelixa begcina intsebenziswano esondeleyo nabathengisi beetshiphusi, abenzi bezixhobo, kunye nabaqhubi besathelayithi.
Ubunzima bovavanyo buyanda: kufuneka luvavanywe kwiitshaneli zesathelayithi ezilinganisiweyo (ezifana nokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu kweesathelayithi ezijikeleza ngaphantsi) kunye neendawo ezintsonkothileyo zomhlaba, nto leyo ebeka phambili iimfuno ezintsha zegumbi elimnyama, izixhobo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo.
Urhwebo phakathi kweendleko kunye nokungena kwimarike: Nangona iimodeli eziphezulu zinokuba neemodyuli ze-antenna zesathelayithi ezizimeleyo ekuqaleni, ukunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokuhlanganiswa okunzulu kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni ngobuninzi kwizixhobo eziphakathi ukuya kwezisezantsi.
4Imbono yexesha elizayo
Uphuhliso olunezigaba:
Okwexeshana elifutshane: Le nkqubo ixhasa ikakhulu iinkonzo ezikhawulezayo njengemiyalezo emifutshane yeBeidou kunye neSMS engxamisekileyo, kunye noyilo olulula lwee-antenna (umz., ii-antenna ezifakwa kumphezulu).
Ububanzi obuphakathi: Ixhasa ilizwi kunye namazinga edatha aphakathi, kunye nee-antennas ezivelelayo okanye izixhobo zangaphandle njengezisombululo zotshintsho.
Umbono wexesha elide: I-broadband ekhawulezayo kunye neenkqubo ze-antenna ezikrelekrele ezidityaniswe ngokubonakalayo ziya kuba zezomgangatho, nto leyo evumela ukutshintsha okungenamthungo phakathi kweenethiwekhi zomhlaba nezesathelayithi kubasebenzisi.
Iiterminal zesizukulwana esilandelayo ezisandula kuvela: Ngaphaya kweefowuni eziphathwayo, izixhobo ezinxitywayo, izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi emotweni, kunye neesensa ze-IoT zonke ziya kuba nonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lwesathelayithi, nto leyo ebangela uyilo lwee-antenna ezifakwe ngokwezifiso.