Te hura i ngā mea ngaro o te GNSS: Ngā pūihi, ngā kōwae, me ngā kaiwhiwhi

I roto i te ao o te tūnga tika me te whakatere, Gnss (Pūnaha Tiritiri Whakatere Ao) he mahi nui tā te ao. E toru ngā wāhanga matua – GNSS pūihingā, Kōwae Gnssngā, me Ngā Kaiwhiwhi GNSS– mahi tahi kia pai ai te mahi a ā tātou taputapu mōhio ki te tauwāhi. Me ruku hohonu tātou ki ō rātou hononga, ō rātou rerekētanga.

1. Ngā Pūihi GNSS: Ngā Kaihopu Tohu

Ngā Pūihi GNSSKo rātou ngā toa o mua e whai kawenga ana ki te hopu i ngā tohu amiorangi. Kua hangaia rātou hei whiwhi i ngā tohu ngoikore mai i ngā whetū amiorangi pēnei i te GPS (US), GLONASS (Rūhia), BeiDou (Haina), me Galileo (EU). Ka mahi ēnei pūihi i runga i ngā roopu auau motuhake, pēnei i te L1 Band (~1575.42 MHz) e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā tono ā-iwi me ētahi atu roopu mō ngā whakamahinga motuhake.

E rua ngā momo matua: he kaha, he kore mahi. Ngā Pūihi GNSSKei roto i tēnei LNA he whakakaha haruru iti (LNA). He mea nui tēnei LNA nā te mea ka whakakaha ake i ngā tohu amiorangi ngoikore i mua i te taenga atu ki te kaiwhiwhi, he mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā taiao uaua ki te tohu pērā i ngā awaawa o te tāone, i roto rānei i ngā waka. Ko ngā mea kore mahi, i tētahi atu taha, kāore i a rātou tēnei whakakaha ā-roto, ā, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āheinga whakakaha ake a te kaiwhiwhi.

2. Ngā Kōwae GNSS: Ngā Pokapū Whakauru

 Ngā Kōwae GNSS, he rite ki ngā whare hiko kiato, katoa-i-te-kotahi. Ka whakauruhia e rātou ngā wāhanga maha, tae atu ki ngā ara iahiko RF (auau reo irirangi), ā, i ētahi wā, tae atu ki ngā pūihi (ina kiia ko ngā kōwae pūihi GNSS). Kua hangaia ēnei kōwae kia ngāwari te whakauru ki ngā momo taputapu ahokore, ahakoa he waea atamai, he waka rererangi, he pūnaha aroturuki waka rānei.

He mea noaNgā Kōwae GNSS,ka taea te tautoko i ngā pūnaha amiorangi maha (GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo, me ētahi atu). Hei tauira, ka taea e ētahi kōwae te whai i ngā tohu mai i te neke atu i te 50 amiorangi puta noa i ngā whetū rerekē. Ka tukatukahia e rātou ngā tohu mata i whiwhi (he maha ngā wā ka hopukina tuatahitia e te pūihi) hei tango i ngā raraunga tohu wā me ētahi atu mōhiohio nui e hiahiatia ana mō te tūnga. Ko te tikanga, ka mahi rātou hei piriti i waenga i te hopu tohu a te pūihi me te tatau tūranga whakamutunga a te kaiwhiwhi.

3. Ngā Kaiwhiwhi GNSS: Ngā Pokapū Tātai

Ngā Kaiwhiwhi GNSS Kei reira te mahi makutu o te tatau tūranga. Kia hopukina ngā tohu amiorangi e te pūihi, ā, mēnā e tika ana, whai muri i te whakanui ake e te pūihi hohe, ka tukuna atu e ia ngā tohu amiorangi, ā, kia tukatukahia e te kōwae ngā raraunga mata ki tētahi taumata, ka riro mā te kaiwhiwhi te mana whakahaere. Ka whakamahia e ia ngā raraunga wā mai i ēnei tohu hei tatau i te tawhiti ki ia amiorangi. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā raraunga mai i te iti rawa e whā ngā amiorangi mā te tikanga e kiia nei ko te trilateration, ka taea e ia te whakatau i te tūranga tika o te kaiwhakamahi.

Ka taea e ngā kaiwhiwhi te noho motuhake, te whakauru rānei ki roto i ngā pūnaha nui ake. Me hototahi ki ngā tohu e tukatukahia ana e ngā kōwae me ngā pūihi. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhiwhi tino tika, pērā i ngā mea e whakamahia ana i roto i te ruri whenua, i te rererangi rānei, te whakamahi i ngā tohu maha-auau mai i ngā kōwae me ngā pūihi GNSS hei whakatutuki i te tika ake, me te ātete pai ake i te pokanoa me ngā hapa tohu.

Ngā Hononga me ngā Hononga

●Rere TohuKa hopu tuatahi te Pūihi GNSS i ngā tohu amiorangi. Mena he pūihi hohe, ka whakanuia e ia ngā tohu. Kātahi ka haere ēnei tohu ki te GNSS Module, e tukatuka ana i ngā tohu RF mata ki tētahi āhua e ngāwari ake ai te whakahaere. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakamahia e te Kaiwhiwhi GNSS ēnei raraunga kua tukatukahia hei tatau i te tūranga mā te trilateration.

●WhakaurungaHe maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia e ngā Kōwae GNSS ngā pūihi (ka hangaia he kōwae pūihi GNSS) kia pai ake ai te whakaurunga, kia ngāwari ake ai hoki. Ā, he mea nui te pūihi me te kōwae kia whiwhi ai te kaiwhiwhi i ngā raraunga e tika ana mō te whakatau i te tūranga. I roto i te maha o ngā taputapu, pērā i ngā waea atamai, ka whakauruhia ēnei wāhanga e toru kia noho te pūihi hei wāhanga o te kōwae, ā, ka mahi tahi te kōwae me ngā ara iahiko o roto o te kaiwhiwhi o te taputapu.

Ngā Rerekētanga

●Arotahi Mahi:

○Ko te kaupapa matua o ngā pūihi he hopu tohu, ā, i ngā mea hohe, he whakanui tohu tuatahi.

○Ka arotahi ngā kōwae ki te whakauru i ngā wāhanga me te tukatuka-mua i ngā tohu mō te kaiwhiwhi.

○E whakatapua ana ngā kaiwhiwhi ki ngā tātaitanga uaua hei whakatau i te tūranga, te tere, me te wā.

●Te Āhua o te Tinana:

○Ka taea e ngā pūihi te whakamahi i waho (pēnei i te pūihi o te tuanui o te motuka) me roto rānei (he wāhi uku iti i roto i te waea atamai), he rerekē ngā āhua me ngā rahi i runga i te hoahoa (hei tauira, he ahunga whānui mō te kapinga whānui).

○He iti noa ngā waeine, ka taea te whakairi ki te mata, i hangaia kia uru ki roto i ngā papa hiko o ngā taputapu.

○Ka taea e ngā kaiwhiwhi te whānuitanga o ngā maramara iti i roto i tētahi taputapu ki ngā waeine nunui, motuhake mō ngā taputapu ruri ngaio.

●Te Uauatanga Hangarau:

○Ka mahi ngā pūihi i te hopu tohu RF me te whakanui taketake (i ngā take hohe), e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mātāpono hikohiko.

○Kei roto i ngā kōwae te whakauru i ngā ara iahiko RF, ngā pūihi pea, me te tukatuka tohu taketake, e hiahia ana ki te mōhiotanga ki te whakauru taputapu me te whakahaere tohu.

○Ko ngā kaiwhiwhi ngā mea tino uaua, e whakamahi ana i ngā rauropi matatau mō te trilateration, te whakatika hapa, me te whakahaere i ngā tohu amiorangi maha i te wā kotahi.

Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā Antenna, Modules, me Receivers GNSS ngā toa rongonui kei muri i ngā taupānga whakatere tika katoa, te pūnaha aroturuki waka, me te rangahau tika. Mā te mārama ki ō rātou tūranga ahurei me te āhua o tā rātou taunekeneke ka āwhina i a tātou ki te maioha ki te hangarau whakamiharo e pupuri ana i a tātou ki te huarahi tika i roto i tō tātou ao hou, e whakahaerehia ana e te wāhi. Ahakoa he tangata hangarau koe, he kaiwhakawhanake, he tangata rānei e whakawhirinaki ana ki tā rātou waea atamai mō ngā huarahi, ko ēnei wāhanga te pou tuara o te wheako tūnga maeneene e whakaarohia ana e tātou he mea noa iho.